Malebranches Occasionalism: The Philosophy in the Garden of Eden Essay

Malebranche's Occasionalism: The Philosophy in the Garden of Eden Unique: According to Malebranche, Adam ought to be considered as an occasionalist scholar. In addition to the fact that philosophy originated in heaven, however it in actuality started as Malebranchian occasionalism. It was so as to have the option to continue in his occasionalist conviction that Adam was given uncommon control over his body, that is, the ability to segregate the key piece of his mind (i.e., the seat of the spirit) from the remainder of the body. It was uniquely in consistently disconnecting the main piece of his mind from the remainder of the body that Adam had the option to persevere in his occasionalist conviction notwithstanding the obvious declaration of his sense unexpectedly. Having once trespassed, he immediately lost his psychophysical benefit. Though pre-lapsarian physiology made Adam's faith in the causal viability of God conceivable, post-lapsarian physiology, interestingly, fundamentally incites and supports confidence in the causal adequacy of bodies. I t was distinctly because of the post-lapsarian physiology that a portion of the focal issues of early present day reasoning emerged. Dependent upon Adam's psychophysical benefit, occasionalism was conceivable just in heaven. Malebranche sees that, before the Fall, Adam realized that solitary God was equipped for following up on him. (1) Knowing more unmistakably than the best thinker ever (2) that God was the main genuine reason, the primary man should in this way be considered as an occasionalist scholar second to none. Then, did reasoning begin in Paradise, however it in reality started as Malebranchian occasionalism. Nonetheless, though Adam knew through the light of reason that God was following up on him, he didn't detect it. (3) What he detected was, ... ...e puissance qu'ils/sc. les sens/ont de tyranniser des pecheurs (OC 1:75) is to some degree loosely rendered by Lennon and Olscamp as their capacity of exploiting miscreants; see The Search after Truth, 22. (9) Dialogs on Metaphysics, 217. (10) See Conversations chretiennes, in OC 4:40. (11) Dialogs on Metaphysics, 194. (12) Elucidations of the Search after Truth, 581. (13) Dialogs on Metaphysics, 218. (14) Ibid., 217. (15) Conversations chretiennes, in OC 4:98. (16) See in the same place., 98-99. (17) Ibid., 99. (18) Dialogs on Metaphysics, 237. (19) Conversations chretiennes, in OC 4:99. (20) The Search after Truth, 123. (21) Conversations chretiennes, in OC 4:99. (22) See in the same place., 99-100; see likewise The Search after Truth, 123. (23) See Meditations chretiennes et metaphysiques, in OC 10:113; see additionally Dialogs on Metaphysics, 193.

Bertrand Russell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bertrand Russell - Essay Example There are individuals around the globe who may really think along these lines. They have no worry in regards to God, religion, and anything otherworldly. They lack the capacity to deal with this or they are basically not tried to really discover the proof for Christianity. In this way, till somebody has really explored and investigated each part of the religion they can't simply say there is no proof for God. Like Hitchens said in regards to God that â€Å"there exists not a sliver of decent evidence† (Stokes, 2012, p. 11). Other than this, the â€Å"lack of evidence† is likewise a reason for those not having any desire to change their perspectives. They just decided to think something and along these lines, they would not just change in light of some proof they run over or are recounted. They can't be compelled to accept. As Jesus stated: â€Å"Seek and you will discover, thump and the entryway will be opened, ask and it will be given you.â For he who looks for find s, and to him who thumps it will be opened, and to him who asks it will be given† (Githaite, 2007, p. 211). It obviously implies that God will be accessible to the individuals who really put forth an attempt to look for him and search for him; who attempt to discover proof with respect to his reality. God doesn't compel Himself upon us. Be that as it may, He has not left us to our own gadgets for us to work out our ways. God tails us and attracts us to Himself. Jesus is cited to have stated: â€Å"No man can come to me except if the Father who sent me draws him† (Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 652). It is we who need to open up our brains and hearts to Him. God has given pieces of information in regards to his reality, he has given us a sound psyche and heart and it is dependent upon the people to search for them. God is obvious to the individuals who look for him while He conceals away from the ones who don't. That is, â€Å"the proof is there for the individuals w ho have eyes to see† (Kreeft, 1988, p. 44). At the point when it is said that enough proof doesn't exist to demonstrate that there is a God, it doesn't imply that presence of God turns into a logical actuality; rather, the current proof just makes the Christian conviction reasonable. Beforehand one significant explanation for there being such a large number of nonbelievers was that the logicians of those occasions were for the most part agnostics and they gave extremely strong contentions against God, picking up supporters and having an enormous effect. Presently, be that as it may, the thinkers are theists and again their contentions are clearly substantial and scholarly, in this manner they being frank Christians and the faith in God. There is simply an excessive amount of data and proof of the presence of God. To begin with there is the Big Bang Theory as indicated by which the universe was made from nothing. Enormous detonation prompted not simply the development of this u niverse, matter and vitality yet in addition reality. It simply doesn't bode well that anything at all can be made from nothing; it is simply impractical either logically or thoughtfully. That lone leaves one thought: that there is an amazing Higher Being who shaped the universe and now controls it. The Big Bang was brought about by Him. Truth be told, the universe was framed as well as kept up consistently and wisely. There is logical proof to demonstrate this reality. Stephen Hawking found that on the off chance that the universe had extended not exactly even one section in a hundred thousand million per second after the Big Bang, the universe would have re-fallen into a hot fireball. It is evident that an extraordinary and incredible psyche is

WEEK 4 DISCUSSION PART 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

WEEK 4 DISCUSSION PART 1 - Essay Example So as to evaluate the size of Medicaid misrepresentation in the US, the examination will be directed over a wide scope of members. The investigation will target individuals who have taken an interest in Medicaid misrepresentation or who have been influenced by the plan. All through the examination, namelessness of the members will be kept up except if taught something else. Moreover, the examination will likewise target proficient in the clinical and authoritative parts who have encouraged the plan either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. The examination will be led through both open finished and shut finished polls. Research associate will direct manual meetings and filling of polls, be that as it may, electronic (on the web) surveys will be accessible. In both of the information assortment strategies, namelessness of the members will be kept up except if they suggest something else. The examination site will be recognized through an arbitrary procedure that will be profound ly comprehensive and convincing. The choice will target both upper and working class Americans. Likewise, the examination will have an expert stage whereby the members will be drawn from both the clinical and legitimate experts. The investigation will have a quantitative section that will catch the greatness of the wonder. Then again, the subjective portion of the investigation will concentrate on the reasons or factors that add to Medicaid misrepresentation among Americans. In the quantitative portion of the examination, the specialist will be keen on distinguishing the size of misfortunes caused in the wellbeing part because of the plan. Money related loses will be recognized as the reliant variable while time will be distinguished as an autonomous variable. The quantitative fragment will likewise be worried about the variety of misrepresentation across various social classes. Accordingly, unique salary classes will be distinguished as autonomous factors while money related misfortunes will

Choosing Ancient Asia Essay Topics Is Simple

Choosing Ancient Asia Essay Topics Is Simple The Bad Secret of Ancient Asia Essay Topics There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. Select a favourite sport and appear at how it developed. Pick 1 person whom you admire for their leadership abilities and write about the traits which make them special and how they've influenced you in some manner. You've got an opportunity to return and completely re-do an event in your life. Think of one privilege which you would love to have that you don't have now. Pick the period of life that you believe is best and compose an essay arguing why it's the very best time of life. In the procedure for selecting a topic, it's also advisable to test your argument. Whatever college essay topic you select or are assigned, the trick is to compose a fantastic stand-out essay. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a fantastic cause and effect essay topic. So make certain you decide on a subject, which has values in it. Facts, ultimately, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Some men and women live their lives based on their religion even though others don't think you should factor that into decision making in regards to determining rules for everybody. The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the interest of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. You should participate in far-reaching investigating to cover all facets of the subject and all point of views by different individuals. Bear in mind which you need to reveal the best about yourself. While you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to think of something to discuss. Remember that you could make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. Think of one thing you're expected to learn in school that you don't think ought to be included in the curriculum. Therefore, for your coursework, you are going to want to have the very best ideas. It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. Well, grading papers are often quite dull. Enable the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to select the most suitable essay direction. Writing prompts are among the best strategies to create confident writers who take pleasure in the practice. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are normally at no charge. The End of Ancient Asia Essay Topics Gun ownership ought to be tightly controlled. Identifying an issue and proposing one or more solutions ought to be a crucial element in your essay. It's needless to say that you should go for a subject that you regard as interesting. Test essay questions will be contingent on the topic, naturally. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. For example, they might write about the benefits of a vegan diet. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. The last write-up needs to be concise with firm language. School tests aren't powerful. Test scores reveal that the United States of america is educationally behind other developed nations in Europe and Asia.

Crime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime - 1799 Words

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of crime†related commodities such as security alarms, crime related television programs, and general merchandise. This essay will explore the commodification of crime by critically examining rising crime rates, increasing sales of crime†associated and targeted products during the period when crime increases only slightly are explained as capitalism s ability to form commodities from both social problems and deviance. Using secondary data, this essay will describe these crime trends and the consumption of crime commodities . Although the media quite clearly contribute to increasing concerns about victimization while crime was stable, the process of commodity exchange for crime goods is far from simply a media†induced phenomenon . This essay uses a critical approach to analyse these conflicting developments and will attempt to show the commodification of crime is exploited by capitalism with particula r focus on the commodification of sex crimes. Commodification refers to the transformation of relationships into commercial relationships, relationships of buying and selling. Commodification expresses a concept that is central to Marx’s understanding of how capitalism develops. Marx defines commodification as â€Å"an extension of the market into spheres of life previously not organized by market relations† .Research shows the mass media; the music industry and many retailers generate huge profits from theShow MoreRelatedSocial Norms Determine What We Think About The Behaviors Of People981 Words   |  4 Pagesglamorized by the constant trend of the use of alcohol. Music videos, television shows, movies, and commercial promote that joy of being rich and famous is the leisure of drinking alcohol. 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A Christian Response to Globalization Essay - 874 Words

How globalization is impacting organizations; companies are being operated in a way that is much different that the model we may have been accustom to in the past. Many organizations have developed strategies that reduce the barriers to trade. They have either moved operations to other parts of the globe or brought the work force to their physical (or virtual) locations to fulfill their work force needs. As a result of globalization, many countries have seen rapid industrial growth. In many cases, the process is happening many times faster than it would have prior to the free trade environment we see developing today. The average household income in some countries has multiplied several times over. For example; a recent report on†¦show more content†¦All of these factors have an impact on the overall global picture. Looking forward; according to a recent study published, the world population will grow by another 1.5 billion people before the year 2030. Most of this growth will happen in the developing countries. The population in current higher earning countries will not grow at the accelerated rate expected in developing countries, therefore; the population in those countries will consist of an older work force. These factors will impact demographics in these countries and influence trends in many areas including, earnings and productivity. â€Å"The global economy would grow from about $35 trillion in 2005 to $75 trillion in 2030, an overall increase of 2.1 times.† (The World Bank Group, 2007) Based on the trends that have been published, it would stand to reason that globalization will continue to evolve in the economic landscape for many decades to come. It is interesting to think that globalization, or some form of it, has been with us throughout history. As man populated the far reaches of the earth, traders, merchants and other business people developed various methods to conduct their business in a global fashion in order to reach their consumers. Response from a Christian perspective; the concept of people in developing countries achieving better living conditions and a better life is appealing from a ChristianShow MoreRelatedReligion: Christian Science1395 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Science is an idealistic and most radical form of transcendental religiosity. The study of Christian Science teaches a feeling of understanding of Gods goodness and the differences between good and evil, life and death. The purpose of this paper is to address how the study of Christian Science helps us better understand the impact of globalization in America, as well as the impact of American on globalization. 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Renaissance man and Renaissance women Essay Example For Students

Renaissance man and Renaissance women Essay Between the 1300s and 1500s, Europe experienced a period of cultural rebirth known as the Renaissance, marking the transition from medieval times to modern times. The Renaissance brought new importance to individual expression, self-consciousness and worldly experience. The Renaissance man and woman characterized the Renaissance ideals. A renaissance man was a well- educated gentleman who had cultural grace, courage and who understood the arts and sciences. On the other hand, a Renaissance woman was supposed to marry well, be loyal to her husband and give birth to boys. The most famous Renaissance man was Leonardo Da Vinci who was born on April 15th 1452 in Florence, Italy. Da Vinci was truly recognized by many to be a Renaissance child and later a Renaissance man because of his many talents. He revealed his artistic talents at the age of 17 when he was hired as a studio boy to Andrea Del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. In Verrocchio workshop, Da Vinci was introduced to main techniques, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. His Last Supper and Mona Lisaare among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. At the same time his scientific interests deepened: his concern with anatomy led him to perform dissections. After a period of time, Da Vincis scientific research began to dominate his other activities so much that his artistic gifts were directed toward scientific illustration. His sketched details drawings of bone and muscle structure have helped doctors to understand completely the layout of the muscles and bones structures. As for Renaissance women, two of them made history: Isabella dEste and Catherine de Medici. Isabella dEste was born in 1474. At the age of 16 she married Francesco Gonzaga, Prince of Mantua. She was able to speak Greek and Latin as well as play the lute, sing and dance and debate with people much older than her after the death of her husband, Isabella became chief of state in Mantua. She also founded a school for young women and set artistic fashions and standards. Catherine de Medici was another Renaissance woman born in 1519. Nuns raised her when her parents died and had an arrangement marriage by her uncle the Pope. Three of her sons became kings under her influence. Catherine had a great interest in architecture when she built the new wing of the Louvre Museum, the construction of the Tuilleries Gardens and the building of the Chateau Monceau. In conclusion, Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most famous from the Renaissance period and is the example of the Renaissance man because he was a master of both the world of arts as well as the world of science. Isabella dEste during her rule set an example for women to break away from the traditional role of what women were supposed to be like during the Renaissance period. By doing this and many other things she was known as the First Lady of the Renaissance. Catherine was a great patron of arts and being this, she helped the Renaissance flourish. (576 words)

The Finesse of Dealing With Difficult Clients - The Writers For Hire

THE FINESSE OF DEALING WITH DIFFICULT CLIENTS We all dread those emails. The ones where you can almost hear the client yelling at you through the computer screen. When those emails arrive, it’s hard not to immediately jump on the defensive and start to fight back. However, addressing those situations in a professional and polite way is imperative to maintaining good client relations. But how do you do that?!? Try to see things from another perspective Sure, it may sound clichà ©, but there is a lot to be said for having a bit of empathy in these situations. Often, a client is upset about something that could be easily remedied, if you just take the time to try to understand exactly what the issue is.Tweet this It’s also important to remember that there are sometimes communication breakdowns when relying on emails. Things frequently come across differently than how they were meant. So, pick up that phone and make the call. Chances are that a quick conversation can iron out any issues, and your project can be back on track in no time. But what if they start to yell? Unfortunately, this happens more often that we’d like. You call a client, intending to address their concerns, and they immediately start to get volatile. Once again, your defense mechanisms kick in, and you find yourself fighting the urge to get caught up in their anger. Doing that will only escalate the issue, though, so take a deep breath and follow these tips: Listen Many problems arise when people feel like they are not being listened to or heard. Resist the urge to immediately talk back, and just listen to the problem from their point of view. This does not mean that you have to sit there and let them yell at you, though. If their tone and language become borderline abusive, it is important to respectfully remind them that you want to hear what they are saying and try to find a solution, but you cannot do so unless they stop yelling. Acknowledge & Empathize Let them know that you realize they are upset and that you really do care and want to resolve the issue. Simply stating â€Å"I understand,† and then re-iterating what you believe to be the problem will show them that you are listening and trying to see where they are coming from. Stay Calm Do not engage in petty arguments or finger pointing. Keep a low voice and maintain your composure. Do not fuel the fire—just state the facts and focus on finding a solution. Keep in mind that it is not personal, and do not react emotionally. Accept Responsibility Nobody is perfect. Be willing to admit to any wrongdoing on your part and offer a way to make it right. Propose a Solution Try to come up with a way to fix the issue that all parties can be happy with. But don’t make compromises you are not okay with just to make the customer happy. Follow Up Once you are done with your call and have come to some kind of resolution, be sure to send a follow-up email. This will ensure that everyone is on the same page and can alleviate any other possible issues in the future. What if they refuse to take your call? Sometimes a client gets so upset that they refuse to speak with you on the phone. They send you an angry email, but your calls go straight to their voicemail. This is when good written communication comes into play. Again, it is important that you don’t get caught up in their anger and respond in an emotional way. Before you even hit the â€Å"reply† button, carefully read through their email again, and try to understand EXACTLY what the cause of their frustration is. Once you have re-read their email (and taken a few deep breaths), get ready to draft a reply using these steps: Acknowledge Tell them that you see that they are upset, and then explain your understanding of the problem, based on what they told you in their email. As tempting as it may be to just ignore their snide remarks, failing to address the main issue will just make it worse. Propose a Solution Are they upset because they don’t like something you have written? Offer to go over the things they did not like, so you can understand what they were unhappy with, and re-write those sections. Are they panicking because a deadline is approaching? Re-assure them that you know when the deadline is and that you have a plan to complete the work in plenty of time to meet that deadline. Whatever the issue may be, you almost always can find a way to fix it. Stick to the Facts Occasionally a client will get angry because you did not complete something. What they are failing to admit, though, is that the item was not completed because THEY did not provide you the information needed to complete it. If this is the case, politely remind them that while you would be happy to complete it for them, you still need â€Å"xyz† before you can do so. If you previously provided them with a list of deliverables that they promised to send you, this is a good time to send that list again and let them know that once you receive the outstanding items, their project can be completed. Keep a Polite Tone This can be tricky to do in an email. Too often your words can be construed as rude, even when you did not intend them to come across that way at all. Be sure to read, and re-read what you write, to ensure that nothing you have written could be taken the wrong way. Suggest a Phone Call The quickest and best way to resolve any issue is to get on the phone and talk it out. At the end of your email response, it’s always a good idea to suggest that you set up a time to talk, so that you can be sure that everyone is on the same page. The client may still refuse to talk to you, but it is always worth a try. Know when to walk away You’ve emailed, you’ve called, and they’re still upset. You’ve proposed solutions, but they are not responsive to your efforts. They seem set on being angry, and it’s clear that nothing that you do is going to change that. It happens. Occasionally there are those clients who will never be happy, no matter what you do. In those circumstances it is okay to recognize that they are this type of client, and be okay with walking away. It’s not worth compromising yourself (or your sanity) to bend over backwards, trying to make them happy. In the end, you can only do so much. And that’s okay.

Definition and Examples of the Etymological Fallacy

Definition and Examples of the Etymological Fallacy Etymological fallacy is the faulty argument that the true or proper meaning of a word is its oldest or original meaning. Because the meanings of words change over time, a words contemporary definition cant be established from its origin (or etymology). The best indicator of a words meaning is its current use, not its derivation. Examples and Observations The OED [Oxford English Dictionary] . . . records that the word black has a difficult history, and was sometimes confused in Old English with a similar word which meant shining or white, but speakers would be ill-advised nowadays to use black to mean white.(Source: Michael Stubbs, Words and Phrases: Corpus Studies of Lexical Semantics. Blackwell, 2002)Doctor, Orient, Gyp, Decimate, Grow, DilapidatedIn our own day the etymological fallacy is widely honored, as revealed in countless statements by columnists, in letters to editors, and other public fora, which declare for example that the real meaning of doctor is teacher; or that the verb orient properly means to arrange something to face east; or that gyp cheat is derived from Gypsy (probably), and therefore, its use in any context is de facto an ethnic slur; or that decimate correctly means only to punish a mutiny or other serious breach of military discipline by killing one soldier in ten.The etymological fallacy appears from time t o time in puristic prescriptions, too, as when we are warned by usage authorities that because the real meaning of the verb grow is get bigger, expressions like grow weaker or grow smaller are incoherent; or that it is impossible to climb down; or that only stone structures can be dilapidated.(Source: Andrew L. Sihler, Language History: An Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Manure, December, CaptionOne thing to remember when you read or hear someone insisting that an English word must have a certain meaning because of its Latin or Greek roots is that these insisters apply their etymologies very selectively. You will find few of them who object to December being used for the twelfth month, when its Latin root means ten, or to manure being used as a noun meaning to work (land) by hand. So when you read, for example, that caption must refer to matter above a picture because it comes from Latin caput head, keep manure in mind.(Source: Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, 1995)EducationWhat could be called an etymological fallacy can sometimes be pushed quite a distance. Thus, partisans of a liberal conception of education have claimed that the word education comes from educere, etymology that invites a conception of education as an act of leading (induco) out of (ex) ignorance- which conforms to the liberal notion of education. On the other side ar e those who favor a notion of education understood as nourishing and, more broadly, furnishing the conditions necessary for a persons development. They invoke a second etymological hypothesis, according to which education comes from educare, which means nourish or raise. And still others maintain that education is an indeterminate concept and support their thesis with the very uncertainty of the etymology. You see that etymology, as illuminating as it sometimes is, cannot, in any instance, resolve problems of conceptual definition on its own.(Source: Normand Baillargeon, A Short Course in Intellectual Self-Defense. Seven Stories, 2007) Passing InsightsEtymology does not make a contribution to the description of the contemporary meaning and usage of words; it may help to illuminate how things have got to where they are now, but it as likely to be misleading as helpful (as with the etymological fallacy). Etymology offers no advice to one who consults a dictionary on the appropriate use of a word in the context of a written text or spoken discourse. It merely provides some passing insight for the interested dictionary browser with the requisite background knowledge and interpretative skills.(Source: Howard Jackson, Lexicography: An Introduction. Routledge, 2002)

Keurig's Decision to Implement DRM Technology In Future Coffee Brewers Essay

Keurig's Decision to Implement DRM Technology In Future Coffee Brewers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that with Keurig planning to expand its coffee brewing business to new levels, they have seen protecting their digital rights as the main step to move forward as they keep off the third party from their operations. With competition also in place from its main rivals Treehouse foods and Rogers family company, how well Keurig survives with its new technology is yet to be seen as both competitors have sued Keurig for unfair competition for creating a monopoly. The great coffee war in 2014 is coming with Keurig taking that direction, third parties will not have a way in the coffee market as Keurig plans to take a monopoly position as they will not use their cheap coffee pods in the new machine. Keurigs chief executive officer claims that this will only boost the performance of their coffee market, meaning that the consumer will suffer from the increased coffee prices while innovation takes its new entry to the coffee market. This battle has eve n been transformed into litigation as Treehouse food sued Green mountain coffee the parent company of Keurig back in February this year claiming that Keurig has been involved in the unfair competition, in the market by creating a monopoly environment that would see the company drive many form the coffee brewing market. Another war is also coming as Rogers’s family company also considering litigation on the same. Jon Rogers claims that if Green mountain coffee is allowed to introduce the Keurig 2.0 machine with digital restrictions in it, this will amount to restraint in trade, and this would mean that Keurig 1.0 was the only brewer in the market. How this plays in the next coming months will be interesting to follow as the coffee giants battle it in the corridors of justice. The Keurig 2.0 with digital rights management will block unlicensed K-cup alternatives used by coffee brewers; it is of great importance to any big and historical company to protect its heritage by embrac ing the current technology.

Baha'i - distinct, universal religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Baha'i - distinct, universal religion - Essay Example In accordance to Bahaullah, God had set historical forces which were collapsing conventional and customary barricade of ethnic group, rank, article of faith and nation which would help to give rise to universal civilization. The main challenge confronted by the humanity is to recognize and acknowledge unification and to assist in its promotion. Bahaullah gave particular emphasis on the issue of bias and partiality. The heart of his message was to call for communal harmony and companionship among different and diverse states, cultures and people (Perkins & Hainworth, 30). Three primary teachings constitute the foundations for Bahai teaching and doctrine which are the oneness of God, unification of religion and unification of entire humanity. God’s message is revived and revitalized in humanity through the use of several people. These people have the wisdom and guidance to improve the morality of human beings. Religion is an evolutionary process according to the Bahai faith as the requirements of the different ages stress the need for moral schemes. The Bahai faith describes God as beyond understanding and considered to be a great entity. The Creator is Greatest and the creation cannot know about Him because there is something that surpasses the grasp of human mind. To assist human beings so that they learn about God’s nature, manifestations are sent to them (Miller, 65). The Bahai faith incorporates the belief that God send these manifestations to instruct and alert humanity. The Bahai writings in particular recognize Abraham, Moses, Muhammad, Zoroaster, Buddha, etc as manifestations (Miller, 84). Bahai Faith claims that God is the creator of the world and everything present within it is His reflection and attribution. The Bahai scriptures define the human soul as eternal and have characteristics of all God’s qualities but these qualities live only potentially until and unless they are developed.

The Crumbling Taj Essay Example for Free

The Crumbling Taj Essay The reaction rate, however, should decrease as the experiment progresses because as the reaction time increases the number of hydrochloric acid molecules present will decrease as they have been reacted to form water calcium chloride and carbon dioxide. The additional water and calcium chloride present as the experiment progresses should decrease the rate of reaction because of decrease in concentration. This should make a graph of the reaction curved as the reaction rate slows down. Kinetic theory is based on the assumption that chemical reactions take place as a result of reacting particles colliding successfully. Successful collisions need a sufficient amount of energy. Particles that posses more kinetic energy than the activation energy are able to react more successfully. The reacting particles all have different kinetic energies due to collisions hanging their speeds. Maxwell and Boltzmann presented the distribution in kinetic energies for two temperatures (high and low) in graphs called distribution curves on which the areas under the curves past the points called energy barriers represent the number of kinetic energies. The bigger the area under the curve, the greater the number of particles with a certain energy that will promote a chemical reaction. Hotter particles have extra kinetic energy after surmounting the number of collisions in unit time. These collisions are more likely to be successful as there would be more than enough energy for them. Although I will not be looking at the factor of TEMPERATURE, I can extend my investigation and experiment the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction. HYPOTHESIS FOR EXPERIMENT 1 COUNTING BUBBLES Counting bubbles is an experiment which I personally think is not very fair. There may be many mistakes in counting the number of bubbles produced for five continuous minutes and so the experiment would not be accurate. Although this experiment isnt so accurate, I think that the results will still show a trend in the pattern of results. I predict that if the concentration of the HCl is doubled then the experiment will happen twice as fast. HYPOTHESIS FOR EXPERIMENT 2 COLLECTING GAS OVER WATER By putting more particles into the reaction, the chance of them colliding increases and so the rate increases. Concentration is a variable that is continuous and independent. I shall test this variable by observing the rate at which hydrogen gas collects over water against the concentration of hydrochloric acid used with CaCO3. I predict that by doubling the concentration of the acid, the rate of reaction will also double. The higher the concentration, the higher the rate of reaction. HYPOTHESIS FOR EXPERIMENT 3 COLLECTING GAS IN A SYRINGE This experiment is very similar to experiment 2 (collecting gas over water) but this experiment is the most accurate out of the three that I will be carrying out. I predict that I will have a very similar type of results and graphs as in experiment 2. I predict that the graph will have more better and accurate trend lines in the graphs showing a curved line of best fit. The higher you raise the concentration the more the particles will collide therefore corrosion of the marble will occur. Plan for the investigation. I will ensure that the goggles are worn throughout the experiments. Care will be taken not to spill any of the acid. Glass will be handled with care to prevent breakages and cuts. If any sort of accident occurs amends will be made with the help of trained technicians. Large volumes of acid will not be carried around to reduce the risk of a spillage. Containers will be kept well away from edges of the benches. Low molar concentration of hydrochloric acid will be used for safety. FAIR TEST To perform a fair test I will do as follows: In the experiment I will measure each substance accurately. I will carry out the experiment at the same room temperature of 20oc each time. I will wash the conical flask with distilled water after each experiment to make sure that there isnt any solution left over from the previous experiment. I will have to stay alert when counting bubbles and will have to concentrate hard. I will also repeat the test again and take the average of the two results to get an average set of results which will be more reliable. By following my fair testing the results will hopefully come out accurate. I will be alert and take the timings accurately for each of the experiments. METHOD FOR EXPERIMENT 1 COUNTING BUBBLES. This is how I will be carrying out my 1st experiment to find out the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid: When doing my experiments I will use the same procedure throughout. I will first get the necessary equipment that will be needed and will set it up as show below. I will then get 30ml of 0. 1M hydrochloric acid and will put it into the conical flask. To make sure the volumes of acid and water were right we will measure the volumes of each in a measuring cylinder to be accurate. To make sure the mass of marble chips are right we would measure them on the electronic balance to one decimal place. I will then get 2grams of marble chips (roughly the same size) and I will gently put the marble chips into the solution of hydrochloric acid and will spontaneously close the conical flask with the delivery tube that is attached to a bung at the end. As soon as I close the top of the flask, I will start the stopwatch and I will start counting the bubbles, which will be coming out from the test tube. I will record the number of bubbles produced each minute up to five minutes. The bubbles that will be produced will indicate how much CO2 is being given off by the reaction between CaCO3 and 2HCl. I will carry out this experiment again for Distilled water, 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5 and 2 molar to see how the concentration affect the rate of reaction. I will keep the amount of marble chips and hydrochloric acid the same for every test I carry out so it would be fair. At the end I will also carry out this experiment on distilled water so I can compare the two substances. In this experiment I will have to concentrate all the time as I will have to count the bubble for five minutes and will have to make sure that I dont miss out on counting a single bubble. After the experiment is over, I will carry out the experiment again to confirm my results and to make sure that I was counting the bubbles correctly. This picture shows how I am going to set-up my experiment and I am going to count the bubbles that come out of the test tube. METHOD FOR EXPERIMENT 2 COLLECTING MEASURING GAS This is how I will be carrying out my 2nd experiment to find out the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid: When doing my experiments I will use the same procedure throughout. I will first fill the tub with tap water about half way up and fill the measuring cylinder with water and then turn the measuring cylinder upside down into the tub of water so the cylinder would still be filled with water. By doing this, we will create a slight margin of error because some of the water will be displaced when doing this although it will be very little. Then we will clamp the measuring cylinder in place. We will change the size of the cylinders; however, this will not make the test unfair. We then will put the delivery tube under the cylinder so the air from the experiment could displace the water. To make sure the volumes of acid and water were right we will measure the volumes of each in a measuring cylinder to be accurate. I will then get 30ml of 0. 1M Hydrochloric acid and put it into the conical flask. To make sure the mass of marble chips are right we would measure them on the electronic balance to one decimal place. As soon as we put the Marble chips and the acid in the conical flask and close it with the bung which will be attached to a delivery tube; we will immediately start the stopwatch. We will see how long it takes (In seconds) for the measuring cylinder to fill up with 100cm3 of Carbon Dioxide gas. We will carry this experiment out on a range of different concentrations of Hydrochloric acid. I will be carrying out this experiment on 0. 5M, 1. 0M, 1. 5M and 2. 0M to see how the concentrations affect the rate of reaction. I will also use distilled water to compare it against the hydrochloric acid. After the experiment is over I shall carry out a retest to confirm my results and I will take the average out of the two results. Below it show exactly how the experiment was set up. METHOD FOR EXPERIMENT 3 SYRINGE TEST This is how I will be carrying out my 3rd experiment to find out the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid: When doing my experiments I will use the same procedure throughout. I will first get the necessary equipment that will be needed and will set it up as show below. In this experiment I will again experiment the time it will take for the syringe to fill up with 100cm3 of Carbon Dioxide gas. Although this experiment will be very similar to Experiment 2, this will be more accurate as the equipment used will be more appropriate. I would assume the results in this test to be very similar to Experiment 2 so I will change the amount of Marble chips and the volume of the Hydrochloric acid to experiment what different it makes. I will used 5 grams of marble chips and 50 cm3 of Hydrochloric acid in this test but will used the same range of concentrations which are, 0. 1M, 0. 5M, 1. 0M, 1. 5M, 2M and will also use distilled water. I will do the same, starting of with 0. 1M Hydrochloric acid and put it into the conical flask. As soon as we put the Marble chips and the acid in the conical flask and close it with the bung which will be attached to a delivery tube; we will immediately start the stopwatch. We will see how long it takes (In seconds) for the measuring cylinder to fill up with 100cm3 of Carbon Dioxide gas. After the experiment is over I shall carry out a retest to confirm my results and I will take the average out of the two results. Table of Results for the method of counting the bubbles. Mass of marble /g Concentration of HCl in 30cm3 / M Time In Mins Bubbles collected Expt. 1 Bubbles collected Expt. 2 Bubbles collected Average Initial temperature / oC 2g Distilled water 1 2 3 4 5u.

Computer Hacking :: essays papers

Computer Hacking Precis of 'Who's reading your E-mail" The article exposes the vulnerability of computer data and of corporations with the popularity of the Internet. The Internet can allow hackers access to any computer in the world, with understated ease. Break-ins can go virtually undetected. Major corporations and government security departments have acknowledged that hacker break-ins are out of control. Some companies are too fearful to join networks because of this. Software programs brought out to deal with the growing problem, such as firewalls, are no longer totally effective. New technology has been developed such as ''Pilot Network Services' (offering supervised Internet access); 'Netranger' (a monitor device used by Pentagon) and 'Encrypton' (software that jumbles messages). The basics of computer security (using difficult passwords, and guarding of data) are not being met in a disturbingly large number of American companies surveyed. A new bill demands that system operators become responsible for security. Hackers can be prosecuted (with subsequent heavy penalties) only if the exposed company has actively shown that it was security conscious. Further more, exposed companies are liable to other companies if their lack of security precautions allowed their computer network to become an opening for other company break-ins. Companies are dis-inclined to report breaches in security as it denotes a poor image and highlights their vulnerability. Clients demand security, and lack of it will send them elsewhere. Billions of dollars annually is spent on protection devices. Others are utilizing the expertise of former convicted hackers to fine tune and update their security features. It is a case of befriending the enemy in order to learn more. These hackers come out of goal with a ready market for their expertise, and great financial rewards. The explosion of the Internet use, and networks around the world have brought with it a need for greater security consciousness amongst its users and systems operation managers. Technology needs to be constantly updated in the war against the ever-growing insidious and malicious hacker. Precis of 'Hackers: Taking a byte out of computer crime' by W. Roush. Roush discusses the changing face of computer crime with the advent of the modem and stricter laws. The article touches on the effect these changes are having on hackers themselves, and the measures that are put in place to deal with the problem. It also explores the common ground which hackers and computer security experts agree on. In the 1960's the dictionary definition of a hacker was that of a "computer virtuoso". Hackers comprised of young, computer literate and rebellious gangs vying for the status symbol image and thrill of breaking into a computer network. This all changed with the popularity of the modem and an increasing

Proverbs for Cultivation of Minds Essay

Proverbs have been used in various cultures around the world: Chinese; English; and African are among the most common. According to Chinua Achebe in the book â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, African proverbs are described by the Igbo people as †the palm oil with which words are eaten.† In this culture, palm oil is a symbol of tradition and is commonly served at respected greetings and special events. When relating palm oil to proverbs, it shows that they too symbolize the same traditions and used for special circumstance to speak with great importance. Throughout â€Å"Things Fall Apart† various proverbs are used to teach the cause and effect of decisions, warn against certain events, and poetic words to find meaning. These types of proverbs are the most traditional and prominent ways of teaching in the Ibo culture. Another prominent way in the Igbo culture is trying to obtain a high rank. So, proverbs are used to explain what actions to execute to obtain such a thing.The saying ‘if a child washes his hands he could eat with kings,’ is an example of how Igbo culture uses proverbs to teach the culture the result of different ways of life. It does this by illustrating the privilege one can obtain when he surrounds himself with wealthy, wise, or dominant people in the culture, and mimicking mannerism they have. The cause, washing one’s hands, is following the mannerisms of the higher ranked individuals;the effect, eating with kings, is getting the privilege to be with those individuals. The book backs up its claim with the proverb ‘A man who pays respect to  the great paves the way for his own greatness.’ However, it is not always positive things that come of situations. It is thought to be one of the wisest things, in Igbo culture, to use a proverb as a warning. These proverbs state not only not to do something, but to ponder the results of doing whatever action that may be. In chapter eleven, the proverb ‘A man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself,’ gives a clear example of a proverb saying ‘don’t make trouble for others,’ but also ‘the effect of that is one that is wanted.’ These proverbs tend to be very simplistic because they are intended to make  a person think about their actions, not the words or meaning of the proverb. Another example of a warning proverb is in chapter fifteen that states: ‘Never kill a man who says nothing.’ Proverbs used in this way have no need for a logical timeline of events or deep explanation because the words mean exactly what’s intended. Not all proverbs are clear in their meaning, however. These proverbs tend to be more poetic and metaphorical. All people learn in different ways, no matter what the culture. Some learn best by experience. Metaphorical proverbs are intended to use common scenarios to form general conclusions about life around them. The proverb ‘When a mother-cow is chewing grass its young ones watch its mouth,’ uses the commonality and understanding of a calf watching its mother eat, to explain that children often follow in the footsteps of their mother. The proverb does not state those words specifically, but when read, connections to watching one’s own mother do tasks, comes to mind. Proverbs that are more poetic can have similar meanings to other types of proverbs, just in a more creative way. Proverbs can be used to show cause and effect by stating direct result, can be used to  warn and provoke thought for certain actions, or be used metaphorically to encourage deeper meaning to an everyday situation. For these different reasons, proverbs are one of the most effective ways of teaching in the Igbo culture because each kind of proverb is explained various ways and supports different kinds of thinking. It is the result of the thinking that creates wisdom, wisdom that creates understanding, and understanding that makes a culture continue to grow in learn as time goes on; just like the Igbo culture.

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